Alex Vet
Kubva pakavambwa Bitcoin muna 2009, migodhi yecryptocurrency yave yakakurumbira kune vese vanofarira avhareji uye vakaomesesa fanika.
Mumazuva ekutanga kwakanga kusina chinhu chinonzi application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa seASIC chips. Migodhi yakatanga kuitwa neyakajairwa Central Processing Units (CPUs), izvo zvaireva kuti PC vanofarira vane yakanakisa Hardware vaive nemusoro wekutanga kuchera Bitcoin.
Maererano nechinyorwa neYunivhesiti yeWashington Purofesa Michael Bedford Taylor, kwapera zvishoma gore gare gare muna 2010, vanhu munyika yose vakapiwa bumbiro kutanga migodhi Bitcoin pamwe Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), izvo zvakakonzera kutanga kwerudo rwevakawanda nerd nekuchera iyo inonyanya kukosha cryptocurrency.
Hazvina kutora nguva kuti hobbyists vatange kuvaka rigs, nemakadhi emifananidzo akamiswa pamusoro pebhodhi reamai, akabatana nePCIE tambo dzekuwedzera. Izvi zvakatungamirira nzira kune kuwanda kwekugadziriswa kwakasiyana-siyana, sezvo vashandi vemigodhi vakatarisa kuwedzera simba ravo rehashing.
Bato racho rakakanganiswa pamwe nekuvandudzwa kweASIC miners, iyo yakapinda mumusika muna 2013 iine machipisi ane simba anoramba achigadzirwa akanyatso kupfuudza hama dzavo dzeGPU.
Zvakadaro, vanofarira vakaenderera mberi nekuvaka zvicherwa zvemigodhi nemakadhi epamusoro emifananidzo. Ichi chave chiri rubatsiro kune vagadziri veGPU Nvidia uye AMD mumakore mashoma apfuura.
Migodhi - maererano nevasina basa
Migodhi ndiyo maitiro ayo mabatirwo anorekodhwa uye asingachinji anochengetwa paBitcoin Blockchain.
Iyi nzira inoitwa nemakomputa, ayo anotanga kutora Bitcoin transactions oaunganidza mubhuroka. Kamwe bhuroka rasvika pakureba kwayo (1MB mune yeBitcoin), iyo block inobva yagadzirira kuwedzerwa kuBlockchain.
Kuti aite izvi, mucheri, achishandisa maGPUs kana ASIC miners, anofanira kugadzirisa Uchapupu hwakaoma hweBasa cryptographic algorithm kuitira kuti awedzere chivharo kuBlockchain. Vanofanira kuita rombo rakanaka kuita kudaro, vanopihwa imwe nhamba yeBitcoin. Parizvino, mubairo ndeye 12.5 BTC.
Pamusoro pezvo, vashandi vemumigodhi vanowana muripo wekugadzirisa kutengeserana kunochengetwa pamabhuroko. Iyo yakakwirira mubhadharo wekutengesa, nekukurumidza kutengeserana kwako kunogadziriswa nevacheri.
GPUs vs ASIC miners - hondo isingaperi
Vaya vemigodhi vakapinda mumutambo nguva ichiripo vangadai vakakohwa zvakanakira kuomerwa kwekucherwa kwemigodhi. Maitiro acho akagadzirirwa kuti awedzere kuoma sezvo vamwe vashandi vemumigodhi vachikwikwidzana kuti vasimbise kutengeserana uye kuvhura mabhuroko.
Mumakore ekutanga, pakanga pasina vacheri vazhinji saka mibairo yaive yakakwira uye maalgorithms aive asina kunetsa kugadzirisa. Asi sezvo vanhu vazhinji vakatanga kushandisa maPC avo kune angu, izvi zvakawedzera kuoma.
Migodhi yakatanga neCPU inosimbisa blockchain, iyo yakaenderera mberi kune maGPU isati yagadzirwa ASIC chips yakachinja mutambo zvachose.
Bitcoin's Proof of Work algorithm inozivikanwa seSHA256. Vese maGPUs uye ASIC miners vanogona kugadzirisa iyi algorithm, asi ekupedzisira machipisi anonyanya kushanda.
Saka kana ASIC miners, kufanana Bitmain ane simba Tsvaga S9 yakauya pachiitiko, purofiti yechinyakare yeGPU migodhi yakatambura nekuda kwemubairo ASIC machipi aive nawo mukugadzirisa iyo SHA256 algorithm.
Sezvineiwo, kubuda kwemaaltcoins senge Ethereum kwakasimbisa iyo GPU migodhi chikamu, ine algorithm yaifarira GPU machipi. Ichitsanangurwa seASIC inopikisa, izvi zvakabvumira vashandi vemigodhi kuti vashandise maPC avo nemaGPU kumigodhi yeEthereum pasina kutyisidzira kwevakawanda-yakagadzirwa ASIC miners kucheka mupurofiti yavo.
Kunyangwe kuvepo kweASIC miners, kudiwa kweGPUs yakakwira uye yakatokonzera kushomeka kwemasheya pakati pe2017.
AMD naNvidia havana kukwanisa kuenderana nechishuwo chekudya cheGPU yavo. Vamwe vatengesi muUS vakapererwa zvachose nemakadhi e AMD sezvo vanofarira vaishevedzera kuti vaise maoko avo paGPUs sezvo mutengo weEthereum neBitcoin wakaramba uchiwedzera gore rose.
Izvo zvaisambo shamisa kuti vese Nvidia ne AMD vakanakidzwa nekuita kwakasimba kuwana mumitengo yavo yekugovana. Nvidia kunyanya akabata misoro mukupera kwegore, achipera seyepamusoro chip mugadziri paiyo Standard & Poor's 500 index.
Nvidia futi vakatanga yavo itsva Volta-powered Titan V mifananidzo kadhi izvo vatambi vane mari yekupisa vakaronga kutenga.
Kwete kutarisa kumigodhi
Kunyange zvakaoma kutenda kuti AMD naNvidia vakaramba chido chekuisa pfungwa dzavo pakuvaka maGPU ezvinangwa zvemigodhi, vese vakaramba vachiti ivo vanokoshesa kuvaka makadhi emifananidzo ekutamba.
Nepo Nvidia vakagadzira mabhodhi akatsaurirwa kumigodhi muna 2017, mazhinji emachipi avo akavakirwa chinangwa chakajairika cheGPUs - iri kupa mifananidzo. Nvidia akabvuma kuti vaona kukura kukuru nekuda kwekudiwa kweiyo cryptocurrency mining indasitiri.
Zvichakadaro AMD yakatora imwe nzira yakayerwa, ichizivisa kuti yaisazobatanidza migodhi ye cryptocurrency mukuronga kwavo kwekukura kwenguva refu muna Chikunguru 2017. Asi mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, CEO Lisa Su akanga achinja rwiyo rwake, achitaura zvirongwa zve AMD zvekupinda munzvimbo yeBlockchain - zvichienderana. pachiyero chekugamuchirwa pasi rose muna 2018.
Mutungamiriri weNvidia, Jensen Huang, akapa tsvakiridzo itsva pamari yekristpto uye kubatanidzwa kwekambani yake munaKurume. Tichifunga kuti maGPU avo ari mumakomputa pasirese, ivo vakave chikamu cheBitcoin mining web.
Sezvakataurwa naHuang CNBC's Fast Money show, yavo "processor inoshanda seyakakwana processor kugonesa iyi supercomputing kugona kugovaniswa". GPUs ingori imwe yemakogi akawanda akaiswa munetiweki yemakomputa anogara achisimbisa iyo Bitcoin Blockchain.
Kunyangwe kutanga kwakashata kwegore kwemisika yekristptocurrency zvakazara, Huang aive nechivimbo chekuti tekinoroji yaive kure nekufa:
"Kugona kwepasirese kuve nekutsika-tsika, nzira yakaderera yekutsinhana kukosha ichave pano kwenguva yakareba - Blockchain ichave pano kwenguva yakareba."
GPUs pasi pecosh
Nepo Nvidia ne AMD vachiona nzvimbo ye cryptocurrency zvakanyanya, uye vakanakidzwa nekukura kubva payakapwanyika kusvika kune yakakura muna 2017, vari kutarisana nemakwikwi akaomarara kubva kumakambani ari kuvandudza Hardware yakanangana nekuchera cryptocurrency.
Sezvakataurwa muna February na CNBC, Chinese mining hardware mugadziri Bitmain akaisa purofiti yakakura kupfuura zvose Nvidia uye AMD muna 2017. Bitmain inonzwisiswa kuti yakaita pakati pe $ 3 kusvika $ 4 bln mukushanda purofiti, zvichienzaniswa neNvidia's $ 3 bln.
Izvi zvakakura, zvichipihwa kuti Bitmain inongogadzira ASIC miners kune akati wandei akasiyana cryptocurrencies.
Bitmain's flagship Antminer S9 inotaridzwa semugodhi weBitcoin wepasi rose, asi kambani yakaramba ichibuda kunze, kunyanya kugadzira vashandi vemigodhi vanogona kugadzirisa akasiyana Humbowo hweBasa algorithms.
Izvi zvakakonzera kunyunyuta kwakawanda kubva kunharaunda yakakura yekristptocurrency - kupokana nechero hutongi hwemigodhi hunosimbisa maBlockchains akasiyana siyana, vachitaura nezvekuchengetedzeka kubva mukuwedzeredza.
Diki cryptocurrencies kufanana Siacoin vakafunga zvakaoma forki yavo Blockchain apo Bitmain yakatanga zviri Antminer A3 Siacoin mugodhi asi pakupedzisira vakasarudza kusaita kudaro, ukuwo Monero akaita nehurongwa uhwu pamusana Bitmain kutanga yavo Monero mugodhi mwedzi wapera.
Kunyange Ethereum yakazopedzisira yatyisidzirwa, mushure mokunge Bitmain yakazivisa kutanga kwekutanga kwayo Ethash ASIC miner vhiki yapfuura. Ichokwadi kuti mharaunda yeEthereum yakatove ichikakavadzana nezvekukodzera kweforogo yakaoma kurwisana neBitmain Ethash ASICs. Ethereum muvambi Vitalik Buterin's chena bepa inoratidza kuti protocol yatove ASIC inopokana:
"Chimwe chinonyanya kufadza chealgorithm iyi ndechekuti inobvumira chero munhu "kuisa muchetura mutsime", nekuunza nhamba huru yezvibvumirano mublockchain yakanyatsogadzirirwa kukanganisa mamwe maASIC."
Iko hakuna izwi repamutemo munzira yekumberi kubva kuEthereum, uku Bitmain webhusaiti inoratidza kuti batch rekutanga reAntminer E3 units richatumirwa pakati paChikunguru.
Munyika inokwikwidzana, yemubatanidzwa, kubuda kwevashandi vemumigodhi veASIC kwaigara kuchiita kuti zviome kune vanofarira maamateur kuti vafambire mberi. Zvakangodaro, migodhi ine pundutso ichiri kuwanikwa nemaGPU, asi vanoisa mari vane mabhuku makuru echeki vanogona kuwana maoko avo pane zvine simba zvakanyanya pamusika - ingave kana kwete nharaunda inozvifarira.
